Iqlim o'zgarishining inson salomatligiga ta'siri

Iqlim o'zgarishining inson salomatligiga ta'siri orasida jarohatlar va odamlarning halok bo'lishiga olib keladigan ekstremal ob-havoning bevosita ta'siri^[1], shuningdek, hosilning yetishmasligi yoki toza ichimlik suvidan foydalanishning etishmasligi kabi bilvosita ta'sirlar kiradi^[2]. Iqlim o'zgarishi aholi salomatligi uchun keng ko'lamli xavflarni keltirib chiqaradi^[3]. Sog'liq uchun xavflarning uchta asosiy toifasiga quyidagilar kiradi: (1)to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ta'sir qiluvchi ta'sirlar (masalan, issiqlik to'lqinlari, ekstremal ob-havo ofatlari tufayli), (2)ekologik tizimlar va munosabatlardagi iqlim bilan bog'liq o'zgarishlar (masalan, ekinlar hosildorligi, chivin ekologiyasi) orqali yuzaga keladigan ta'sirlar., dengiz mahsuldorligi) va (3)qashshoqlik, ko'chish va ruhiy salomatlik muammolari bilan bog'liq ko'proq tarqalgan (bilvosita) oqibatlar.

Aniqroq aytganda, salomatlik va issiqlik o'rtasidagi bog'liqlik (global haroratning oshishi) quyidagi jihatlarni o'z ichiga oladi^[4]: zaif aholining issiqlik to'lqinlariga ta'siri, issiqlik bilan bog'liq o'lim, jismoniy faollik va mehnat qobiliyatiga va ruhiy salomatlikka ta'siri. Ba'zi hududlarda ko'payishi mumkin bo'lgan bir qator iqlimga sezgir yuqumli kasalliklar mavjud, masalan, chivinli kasalliklar, vibrion patogenlar kasalliklari, vabo va ba'zi suv bilan yuqadigan kasalliklar^[4]. Sog'liqqa, shuningdek, o'rmon yong'inlari paytida jarohatlar, kasalliklar va havoning ifloslanishi orqali ekstremal ob-havo hodisalari (suv toshqini, bo'ronlar, qurg'oqchilik, o'rmon yong'inlari) jiddiy ta'sir ko'rsatadi. Iqlim o'zgarishining sog'liq uchun boshqa ta'sirlari orasida dengiz sathining ko'tarilishi tufayli migratsiya va ko'chish kiradi; oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi va kam ovqatlanish^[4], ichimlik suvining kamayishi, okeanlar va ko'llarda zararli suv o'tlari gullashining ko'payishi va issiqlik to'lqinlari paytida qo'shimcha havo ifloslantiruvchisi sifatida ozon darajasining oshishi^[5]. Iqlim o'zgarishining ilon chaqishi epidemiologiyasiga ta'siri bo'yicha mavjud dalillar cheklangan, ammo ilon chaqishi xavfining geografik o'zgarishi kutilmoqda: Shimoliy Amerikada shimolga, Janubiy Amerika, Mozambikda va Shri-Lankadajanubga chaqish holatlari ko'payadi^[6].

Iqlim o'zgarishining sog'liqqa ta'siri butun dunyo bo'ylab seziladi, ammo nomutanosib ravishda kam ta'minlangan aholiga ta'sir qiladi, bu ularning iqlim o'zgarishiga zaifligini, ayniqsa rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlarda yomonlashtiradi^[4]^[7]. Yosh bolalar oziq-ovqat tanqisligiga va keksa odamlar bilan birga haddan tashqari issiqlikka eng zaifdir^[8].

Iqlim o'zgarishining sog'liqqa ta'siri xalqaro sog'liqni saqlash siyosati hamjamiyatini tobora ko'proq tashvishga solmoqda. 2009-yilda taniqli umumiy tibbiy jurnalda nashr etilgan Lancet : "Iqlim o'zgarishi 21-asrdagi eng katta global sog'liq tahdididir"^[9]. Bu 2015-yilda Jahon sog'liqni saqlash tashkiloti bayonotida yana takrorlangan^[3]. 2019-yilda Avstraliya tibbiyot assotsiatsiyasi iqlim o'zgarishini sog'liq uchun favqulodda holat deb e'lon qildi^[10].

Tadqiqotlar shuni ko'rsatdiki, iqlim o'zgarishi bo'yicha muloqot atrof-muhit muammosi sifatida emas, balki sog'liq muammosi sifatida belgilansa, jamoatchilikni jalb qilish ehtimoli ko'proq^[11]^[12]. Salomatlik iqlim o'zgarishi odamlarga qanday ta'sir qilishining bir qismi bo'lib, ko'chish va migratsiya, xavfsizlik va ijtimoiy ta'sirlar kabi jihatlardir.

↑ „Human Health: Impacts, Adaptation, and Co-Benefits — IPCC“. 2020-yil 31-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 11-oktyabr.
↑ „Water and the global climate crisis: 10 things you should know“ (en). www.unicef.org. 2021-yil 27-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 27-oktyabr.
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 „WHO calls for urgent action to protect health from climate change – Sign the call“. www.who.int. World Health Organization (2015). 2015-yil 8-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 19-aprel.
↑ ^4,0 ^4,1 ^4,2 ^4,3 Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :1
↑ McMichael, Anthony J; Woodruff, Rosalie E; Hales, Simon (March 2006). "Climate change and human health: present and future risks". The Lancet 367 (9513): 859–869. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68079-3. PMID 16530580.
↑ Bhaumik, Soumyadeep; Beri, Deepti; Jagnoor, Jagnoor (October 2022). "The impact of climate change on the burden of snakebite: Evidence synthesis and implications for primary healthcare". Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 11 (10): 6147–6158. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_677_22. PMID 36618235.
↑ Li, Ang; Toll, Mathew; Martino, Erika; Wiesel, Illan; Botha, Ferdi; Bentley, Rebecca (March 2023). "Vulnerability and recovery: Long-term mental and physical health trajectories following climate-related disasters". Social Science & Medicine 320 (115681): 115681. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115681. PMID 36731303. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953623000369.
↑ Watts, Nick; Amann, Markus; Arnell, Nigel; Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja; Belesova, Kristine; Boykoff, Maxwell; Byass, Peter; Cai, Wenjia et al. (16 November 2019). "The 2019 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate". The Lancet 394 (10211): 1836–1878. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32596-6. PMID 31733928. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/88053/4/__smbhome.uscs.susx.ac.uk_tjk30_Documents_The%202019%20Report%20of%20the%20Lancet%20Countdown%20-%20revised.pdf.
↑ Costello, Anthony; Abbas, Mustafa; Allen, Adriana; Ball, Sarah; Bell, Sarah; Bellamy, Richard; Friel, Sharon; Groce, Nora et al. (2009). "Managing the health effects of climate change" (en). The Lancet 373 (9676): 1693–1733. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60935-1. PMID 19447250. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673609609351.
↑ Katharine Murphy. „Australian Medical Association declares climate change a health emergency“. The Guardian (2019-yil 2-sentyabr). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 19-aprel.
↑ Maibach, Edward W; Nisbet, Matthew; Baldwin, Paula; Akerlof, Karen; Diao, Guoqing (December 2010). "Reframing climate change as a public health issue: an exploratory study of public reactions". BMC Public Health 10 (1): 299. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-299. PMID 20515503. PMC 2898822. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2898822.
↑ Dasandi, Niheer; Graham, Hilary; Hudson, David; Jankin, Slava; vanHeerde-Hudson, Jennifer; Watts, Nick (20 October 2022). "Positive, global, and health or environment framing bolsters public support for climate policies". Communications Earth & Environment 3 (1): 239. doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00571-x.

[1] „Human Health: Impacts, Adaptation, and Co-Benefits — IPCC“. 2020-yil 31-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 11-oktyabr.

[2] „Water and the global climate crisis: 10 things you should know“ (en). www.unicef.org. 2021-yil 27-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 27-oktyabr.

[:6-3] 3,0 ^3,1 „WHO calls for urgent action to protect health from climate change – Sign the call“. www.who.int. World Health Organization (2015). 2015-yil 8-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 19-aprel.

[:1-4] 4,0 ^4,1 ^4,2 ^4,3 Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :1

[5] McMichael, Anthony J; Woodruff, Rosalie E; Hales, Simon (March 2006). "Climate change and human health: present and future risks". The Lancet 367 (9513): 859–869. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68079-3. PMID 16530580.

[6] Bhaumik, Soumyadeep; Beri, Deepti; Jagnoor, Jagnoor (October 2022). "The impact of climate change on the burden of snakebite: Evidence synthesis and implications for primary healthcare". Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 11 (10): 6147–6158. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_677_22. PMID 36618235.

[7] Li, Ang; Toll, Mathew; Martino, Erika; Wiesel, Illan; Botha, Ferdi; Bentley, Rebecca (March 2023). "Vulnerability and recovery: Long-term mental and physical health trajectories following climate-related disasters". Social Science & Medicine 320 (115681): 115681. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115681. PMID 36731303. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953623000369.

[8] Watts, Nick; Amann, Markus; Arnell, Nigel; Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja; Belesova, Kristine; Boykoff, Maxwell; Byass, Peter; Cai, Wenjia et al. (16 November 2019). "The 2019 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate". The Lancet 394 (10211): 1836–1878. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32596-6. PMID 31733928. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/88053/4/__smbhome.uscs.susx.ac.uk_tjk30_Documents_The%202019%20Report%20of%20the%20Lancet%20Countdown%20-%20revised.pdf.

[9] Costello, Anthony; Abbas, Mustafa; Allen, Adriana; Ball, Sarah; Bell, Sarah; Bellamy, Richard; Friel, Sharon; Groce, Nora et al. (2009). "Managing the health effects of climate change" (en). The Lancet 373 (9676): 1693–1733. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60935-1. PMID 19447250. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673609609351.

[10] Katharine Murphy. „Australian Medical Association declares climate change a health emergency“. The Guardian (2019-yil 2-sentyabr). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 19-aprel.

[11] Maibach, Edward W; Nisbet, Matthew; Baldwin, Paula; Akerlof, Karen; Diao, Guoqing (December 2010). "Reframing climate change as a public health issue: an exploratory study of public reactions". BMC Public Health 10 (1): 299. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-299. PMID 20515503. PMC 2898822. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2898822.

[12] Dasandi, Niheer; Graham, Hilary; Hudson, David; Jankin, Slava; vanHeerde-Hudson, Jennifer; Watts, Nick (20 October 2022). "Positive, global, and health or environment framing bolsters public support for climate policies". Communications Earth & Environment 3 (1): 239. doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00571-x.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]